Abstract:
Global agricultural productivity is affected by various factors, including climate change and
fluctuations. In Tanzania's Kahama District, where paddy farming is crucial, the impacts of changing climatic patterns are particularly significant. This study aims to identify the main challenges faced by farmers and assess the specific effects of climate variability and change on paddy output and productivity in the district. Analysis of historical climate data, including temperature and rainfall patterns, is conducted to examine the trends and suitability of paddy cultivation in Kahama District. The study investigates the impact of climate change on paddy output, productivity, and farmers' livelihoods through surveys and interviews with paddy farmers. The results demonstrate changing climate trends, with increasing temperatures and variable rainfall patterns. These changes have both positive and negative effects on paddy output, with accelerated crop growth and shortened maturity period in warmer climates but increased heat stress and decreased yields due to excessive heat. Variability in rainfall patterns leads to water stress, affecting water availability, irrigation methods, and ultimately, paddy output. The study also identifies various challenges to productivity and paddy output
in Kahama District, including inadequate irrigation infrastructure, limited access to improved farming techniques, crops, and financing, as well as insufficient technical expertise for climate-smart agriculture methods. The paper suggests interventions to address these issues and enhance paddy yield and productivity, such as promoting climate-smart agricultural practices, investing in climate-resilient irrigation infrastructure, and expanding access to better crops, farming equipment, and financial resources. Additionally, improving technical skills and knowledge through training programs and knowledge sharing initiatives is crucial. Understanding the impacts of climate variability and change on paddy farming in Kahama District is vital for building resilience and sustaining the livelihoods of farmers. Policymakers, agricultural professionals, and stakeholders can utilize the findings of this study to develop strategies and policies aimed at increasing paddy production and productivity in the district.
