Autism Spectrum Disorder and Its Socio-Economic Burden in Sub Saharan Africa: A Comprehensive Systematic Review

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a lifelong developmental condition characterized by challenges in social communication, restricted behaviours, and sensory difficulties. Globally, ASD affects about 1 in 100 children and places a significant economic burden on families. While this burden is well-documented in Europe, limited evidence exists for sub-Saharan Africa. This systematic review explores the socioeconomic impact of ASD on families in the region by examining direct and indirect healthcare costs, lost productivity, and financial burden. A systematic search was conducted using EBSCOhost databases (MEDLINE, ERIC, and Academic Search Complete) covering publications from August 2019 to June 2024. Findings revealed that 41.6% of caregivers reported a moderate burden of care, while 33.8% experienced a high burden. Families with ASD children spent 20% of their income on therapies and school fees. Only two relevant studies from South Africa were identified, highlighting a critical evidence gap and the need for further research to inform supportive policies.