Abstract:
Coastal communities across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly
vulnerable to climate change, particularly small-scale fishing
populations dependent on marine ecosystems for livelihoods
and food security. This study explores perceptions of climate
related risks among fishing communities in Pemba Island,
Zanzibar, focusing on extreme weather events, sea level rise,
and habitat degradation. Using mixed-methods and
quantitative data from 361 households across three districts
(Micheweni, Chake Chake, and Wete), the research identifies
key environmental concerns, economic correlations, and
community responses. Results show high awareness of climate
impacts, with declining fish stocks (82%) and extreme weather
events (68%) being the most commonly reported issues.
Statistical analysis reveals significant negative correlations
between climate stressors and fishing income, with sea level rise
concern (r = −0.41, p = 0.003), habitat degradation (r = −0.38, p =
0.006), and extreme weather frequency (r = −0.32, p = 0.011) all
associated with income decline. Regression results indicate
these variables significantly predict income loss, with sea level
rise concern (β = −0.31, p = 0.022) and extreme weather
frequency (β = −0.28, p = 0.012) as the strongest predictors. Chi
square tests highlight district-level differences in adaptation
strategies: gear modifications dominated in Micheweni (42%),
seasonal migration in Wete (50%), while aquaculture adoption
remained low (5–12%, p = 0.485). These findings underscore the
urgent need for integrated policy interventions that prioritise
community-led adaptation, ecosystem conservation, and
climate-resilient fisheries management. The study contributes to
understanding how local perceptions align with environmental
realities and provides a framework for resilience planning in
island ecosystems.
