https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/40 Fri, 07 Aug 2026 06:03:57 GMT 2026-08-07T06:03:57Z https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/389 THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON RETIREMENT PLANNING OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN TANZANIA: MODERATING EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DECISION BEHAVIOUR MLOWOSA, TIBERIUS PHILLIP This study investigated the influence of financial literacy on retirement planning of government employees in Tanzania: moderating effect of financial decision- behavior. Grounded in the theories of Expected Utility and Planned Behavior, the research adopted a positivist paradigm, a deductive approach, and a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 408 employees across 24 ministries and analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS 25 and inferential analysis via PLS-SEM. Results indicated that computation capability and risk attitude toward financial products significantly and positively affected retirement planning, whereas financial knowledge and education showed no significant impact. A theoretical contribution from the finding is that financial decision-behavior fully moderated the relationship between risk attitude and retirement planning. This outcome reinforces critiques from behavioral finance by challenging the rational premises of Expected Utility Theory and highlighting the critical role of behavioral factors. The study concludes that effective retirement planning is primarily driven by practical computation skills and risk attitudes, rather than by general financial knowledge or education. The full moderating effect of financial decision-behavior represents a pivotal insight, emphasizing the paramount importance of psychological and behavioral dimensions in financial planning. Consequently, policymakers and pension providers are urged to design targeted financial retirement training programs that focus on practical skills and the necessity of sufficient long-term savings. Future research is recommended to apply this validated model in different contexts to assess its generalizability. Thesis Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/389 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/343 Biomass, Carbon Stock and Sequestration Potential of Kahe Forest Reserve, Northern Tanzania Zella, Adili Y. This paper explores the significant yet underreported contribution of Kahe Forest Reserve (KFR) in Northern Tanzania to climate change adaptation and mitigation, focusing on biomass stock, carbon stock, carbon dioxide sequestration, and untapped carbon trade profit. Utilizing NAFORMA methodology and geospatial analysis, the study reveals that KFR holds approximately 48,300 tonnes of biomass, 22,710 tonnes of carbon stock, and sequesters an estimated 83,300 tonnes of carbon dioxide. This translates to an untapped carbon trade profit of approximately US$ 333,200. The findings underscore KFR's crucial role in carbon sequestration and its importance in climate change mitigation efforts. The forested areas within KFR dominate its carbon sequestration capacity, highlighting the necessity of preserving the reserve. Despite this, the increasing human population up by 141.4% from 1967 (538,107 people) to 2022 (1,298,838 people) in adjacent districts poses significant pressure on the reserve. Illegal agricultural activities within KFR further threaten its integrity, leading to habitat degradation and biodiversity loss. To address these challenges, the study recommends that the government and other stakeholders strengthen policy enforcement, enhance community engagement and education, promote sustainable agricultural practices outside the reserve, implement restoration initiatives, and integrate KFR into carbon markets. Article Sun, 01 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/343 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/342 Entangling Economics of Fishing to the Sustainability of Coastal Households of Indian Ocean Zella, Adili Yohana; Mpemba, Antonia Fisheries and aquaculture are socio-economic activities that employ millions of people around the world as a source of income and livelihoods. However there are uncertainties in this sector which alter attainment of sustainability of coastal households. This study assesses the determinants influencing fishing income of households living in coastal areas of Indian Ocean by using Mafia District, Tanzania as a study case. Data collected by using survey and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) to 120 randomly households. Collected data were analysed both statistically and contently. The result revealed that, there are several economic activities conducted in the study area, where 41.47% of the households indicated that fishing is the major economic activity for their livelihood with average income per day of 24.41 USD (51 250 TZS); whereas, fish related activities contributes 7.14 USD (15 000 TZS) and other economic activities wealth 2.38 USD (5000 TZS) per day. The paper concludes that fishing contributes higher household’s income compare to other activities. The paper recommends the government or other stakeholders to provide credit or subsides in improved fishing gears so as to acquire sustainability. Article Tue, 01 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/342 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/341 Resource Use Conflicts and Biodiversity Conservation in Jozani Ecosystem, Zanziba Zella, Adili Y.; Juma, Said M. Resource Conflicts are the major challenge to the responsible Institutions in the management and conservation of biodiversity in Zanzibar due to the existence of multiple and interactive reasons that lead to conflicts. This paper intends to reveal the less known current status of resource conflicts in the management of biodiversity in Jozani ecosystem, Zanzibar. The study employed descriptive survey research design of the causal comparative research design to collect data from 280 respondents which constitute the study population. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, mean, frequency, standard deviation and Pearson correlation were used for data analysis. The outcome of the study showed that there is significant relationship existed between resource conflicts and the management of biodiversity conservation in Jozani ecosystem. The study has implications for environmental policy makers. The study concludes by asserting that unemployment, poverty and scarcity of environmental resources are the major causes of conflict, therefore the call is directed to policy makers to strengthen efforts on resolving conflicts by establishing overall strategies such as establishment of participatory community-based approaches to natural resource management, conflict resolution capacity building measures among the stakeholders, amendment of Laws and expansion of employment to reduce direct relying on using natural resource assets for livelihood. Article Wed, 01 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT https://ir.mnma.ac.tz/handle/123456789/341 2017-02-01T00:00:00Z