http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/32 Fri, 08 May 2026 13:23:07 GMT 2026-05-08T13:23:07Z http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/287 Using Bloom’s Taxonomy to Evaluate Cognitive Levels in Assessments of Language Programmes: A Case of Mwalimu Nyerere Memorial Academy, Tanzania Kitalima, Tamasha; Sijaona, Crecensia; Ndunguru, Wilgis The current principles of assessment emphasize examinations designed with a competency-based approach, which focuses on the learners’ ability to apply specific skills in different contexts. Thus, examination setters are recommended to construct questions based on the table of specifications, which displays a number of questions varying from various levels of cognitive function. These questions are expected to engage learners in deeper and analytical thinking processes. One way to do this is to construct the questions within the agreed balance among the six levels of the cognitive domain. This study examines the degree to which the semester examination questions from modules in the Higher Learning institutions reflect the balanced skills needed, taking MNMA as a case. The study used a qualitative approach and a case study design. Eighteen (18) semester examination modules of Higher Diploma and Bachelor's Degree in Kiswahili and English Language candidates were purposively sampled for document review. A total of 747 questions were analysed contently grounded on the cognitive domains of the revised Bloom Taxonomy by categorizing them in Higher Order of Cognitive Questions (HOCQs), Intermediate Order of Cognitive Questions (IOCQs), and Lower Order of Cognitive Questions (LOCQs). The findings revealed a remarkable predominance of LOCQs (68%) over the IOCQs (28.8%) and HOCQs (4%). These findings imply a gap between educational reforms (e.g., Competency Based Approach) and assessment practice. Moreover, this study recommends that Higher Learning Institutions reflect on the examination setting standards for practical and functional assessment. Conference proceedings Wed, 01 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/287 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/241 Teachers’ knowledge of the use of communication strategies: a case of kiswahili as a second language classrooms in Tanzania Kitalima, Tamasha In second language (SL) classroom interaction, both teachers and learners might face language mismatch due to the learners’ limited target language (TL) linguistic resources. In such situations, communication strategies (CS) like approximation, non-verbal cues, code-switching, and others crucially help to compensate for the breakdown. However, in most SL classes teachers either do not use these strategies to ease interaction with their learners or use them without noticing their significance. Thus, it is questionable whether SL teachers are cognizant of the use of CSs when interacting with their learners. This paper intends to examine teachers’ knowledge of the use of Communication Strategies (CSs) in Kiswahili as a Second Language (KSL) classroom in Tanzania. The thesis of this paper stands to be important because Kiswahili gains importance in the world’s communication every day, and there is a remarkable growth of KSL classes where appropriate CSs are needed. In particular, the present paper sought to determine CSs used by KSL teachers and to ascertain their cognizance of the use of CSs in classroom interaction. This qualitative case study involved three KSL teachers who were purposively sampled from the Kiswahili na Utamaduni (KIU) training centre. Classroom observation and personal interviews were used to collect data. Findings indicate that the teachers relied on code switching and used CSs with limited knowledge of specific strategies. This study recommends that KSL teachers should consider using CSs effectively to facilitate classroom interaction. In addition, teachers’ training colleges should consider involving units on CSs in language teaching courses. JOURNAL Mon, 01 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/241 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/217 Uchanganuzi wa Mbinu za Kisarufi katika Kampeni za Uchaguzi: Mifano Kutoka Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Tanzania Mwaka 2015. Sovu, Ahmad Y. Madhumuni makuu ya ushawishi katika kampeni za uchaguzi ni kukubalika. Mara nyingi lugha inayotumika katika siasa ina lengo la kusifia au kulaumu. Lugha hiyo huwa yenye ubunifu, ya kujenga au kubomoa kwani hutumika kama silaha ya kujilinda. Kwa misingi hiyo, makala hii inachunguza matumizi ya mbinu za kiisimu katika kampeni za uchaguzi yanayowezesha kuvuta hisia na kuteka masikio ya hadhira. Aidha, makala hii inabainisha na kujadili matumizi ya mbinu za kisarufi katika mikutano ya kampeni za uchaguzi wa Tanzania mwaka 2015. Uchunguzi umeongozwa na Nadharia ya Balagha na data zimekusanywa kupitia njia ya maktaba. Makala imebaini kuwa katika kampeni za uchaguzi wa mwaka 2015, wanasiasa walitumia mbinu za uteuzi wa msamiati/istilahi maalumu, matumizi ya viwakilishi nafsi, ukanushi wa sentensi. Makala inatoa mchango mkubwa katika kuonesha nguvu ya lugha na ushawishi ya wazungumzaji wa kisiasa katika kufanikisha malengo yao ya kisiasa ambayo ni kushinda uchaguzi. JOURNAL ARTICLE Fri, 01 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/217 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/216 Matumizi ya tamathali za semi za kiswahili katika kampeni za kisiasa: mifano kutoka Uchaguzi Mkuu wa Tanzania, 2015 Sovu, Ahmad Y. Electoral campaigns are a means of communicating with voters where politicians enter the market for persuade their policies to voters (Wei, 2001). Politicians all over the world embellish their language in a unique way to give extra effect and force to their message in order to archive their objective of winning more votes. This article aimed at examines the use of figures of speech in political campaigns and show how they help politicians fulfill their goal of winning the elections and contribute to pushing for the community's solidarity. Data for this article has been collected in the fields and library through the analysis of documentation and interview. Data was analyzed by the approach of discourse analysis, which emphasizes that text can be analyzed through dialogue and social contexts. This article have noted that politicians have used figures of speech including, metaphor, satire, allusion, metonym, irony, simile, personification, rhetoric and euphemism in 2015 election campaigns to fulfill their goals and to show solidarity for their community. This study has contributed to sociolinguistics studies JOURNAL ARTICLE Mon, 01 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT http://41.59.91.195:9090/handle/123456789/216 2018-01-01T00:00:00Z