Faculty of Leadership and Management Sciences

THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON RETIREMENT PLANNING OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN TANZANIA: MODERATING EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DECISION BEHAVIOUR

2026-08-05T08:57:03Z

THE EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON RETIREMENT PLANNING OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES IN TANZANIA: MODERATING EFFECT OF FINANCIAL DECISION BEHAVIOUR MLOWOSA, TIBERIUS PHILLIP This study investigated the influence of financial literacy on retirement planning of government employees in Tanzania: moderating effect of financial decision- behavior. Grounded in the theories of Expected Utility and Planned Behavior, the research adopted a positivist paradigm, a deductive approach, and a cross-sectional survey design. Data were collected from 408 employees across 24 ministries and analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS 25 and inferential analysis via PLS-SEM. Results indicated that computation capability and risk attitude toward financial products significantly and positively affected retirement planning, whereas financial knowledge and education showed no significant impact. A theoretical contribution from the finding is that financial decision-behavior fully moderated the relationship between risk attitude and retirement planning. This outcome reinforces critiques from behavioral finance by challenging the rational premises of Expected Utility Theory and highlighting the critical role of behavioral factors. The study concludes that effective retirement planning is primarily driven by practical computation skills and risk attitudes, rather than by general financial knowledge or education. The full moderating effect of financial decision-behavior represents a pivotal insight, emphasizing the paramount importance of psychological and behavioral dimensions in financial planning. Consequently, policymakers and pension providers are urged to design targeted financial retirement training programs that focus on practical skills and the necessity of sufficient long-term savings. Future research is recommended to apply this validated model in different contexts to assess its generalizability. Thesis

The Impact of Parental Digital Literacy on Children’s Well- being: Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania

2026-03-10T09:16:34Z

The Impact of Parental Digital Literacy on Children’s Well- being: Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania Mkama, Sunday Isdory; Mgode, Simeon Hazore Parental digital literacy in the information age has also emerged as an essential aspect of children's well-being, with psychological, social, and emotional implications for their development. This study examines the effects of children's well-being by parental digital literacy, with emotional intelligence (EI) as a mediator, in Kinondoni Municipality, Tanzania. Informed by Human Capital Theory, Emotional Intelligence Theory, and Digital Literacy frameworks, the research used a cross-sectional survey design with a multistage sample of primary school children's parents. Data were gathered from 364 respondents using structured questionnaires and statistically examined using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling for purposes of evaluating reliability, validity, and hypothesized relationships. Results show parental digital literacy to have a highly significant impact on children's well-being and children's Emotional Intelligence in a positive way. Emotional intelligence, however, is a highly significant predictor of child well-being and also mediates the association between parental digital literacy and well-being. They suggest that technologically sophisticated parents not only create secure and nurturing online environments but also create socio-emotional competencies for integrative child development. The study extends Human Capital Theory to digital parenting and implies applicability and policy implications, such as parent-focused digital literacy education and emotional intelligence development in school and family support programs. Linking digital competencies with socio-emotional progress is required in order to enhance children's wellbeing in today's digitalised life. article

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Training on the Business Performance: Evidence from Women Food Vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania

2026-03-10T09:15:37Z

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Training on the Business Performance: Evidence from Women Food Vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania Dr. Mkama, Sunday Isdory The importance of entrepreneurship in stimulating economic development has been highlighted. However, in developing countries, the growth of women entrepreneurs has been constrained by barriers related to structure and culture, which ultimately restrict their ability to grow their businesses. Thus, the objective of this research project is to determine how entrepreneurial training influences the performance of women entrepreneurs who are food vendors in Ilala Municipality, Tanzania. To achieve this objective, the Research will be guided by the Resource-Based View of the Firm (RBV), Human Capital Theory and Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study will consider entrepreneurial training as developing essential competence required by women entrepreneurs. These competencies include: business, technical, personal, entrepreneurial, social, and interpersonal skills, leads to improved business performance. This study utilized a cross-sectional design and quantitative methodology to sample 320 women food vendors (at the ferry, Buguruni, and Kisutu markets). Structured questionnaires were used to collect survey data, which was then analysed by Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). The results show that training for entrepreneurs positively influences business performance significantly (β = 0.759, p < 0.001), explaining 57.7% of variance. As performance demonstrated, there were positive increases in profitability, customer loyalty, speed of service and business growth. The findings of the study supports that entrepreneur training provides a significant pathway for women to succeed in business, with immediate and ongoing positive impacts. The study highlights the importance of developing training that is context specific and includes innovation, motivation and resilience in order to empower women food vendors to address structural barriers. Therefore, recommendations are made to policymakers and training providers to develop interventions that can increase women's entrepreneurial capacity, and drive local economic development. article

Assessing Entrepreneurial Skills and Training Needs for Succesful Business Performance among Women Food Vendors: Evidence from Ilala, Tanzania

2026-03-10T09:14:38Z

Assessing Entrepreneurial Skills and Training Needs for Succesful Business Performance among Women Food Vendors: Evidence from Ilala, Tanzania Mkama, Sunday Isdory The focus of this study was to investigate the entrepreneurial skills and self-reported training requirements of women food vendors in Ilala Municipality Tanzania. Despite their significance in local food systems and urban livelihoods, women food vendors generally work in vulnerable, informal contexts with low levels of financial, management, and strategic skills. This research utilized Training Needs Assessment (TNA) Theory and Human Capital Theory. A cross-sectional mixed-methods research design was employed which consisted of quantitative surveys (n = 159) of women food vendors and semi-structured qualitative interviews with key informants. Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, importance-performance difference, and by applying a thematic analysis approach. The study findings showed that women food vendors are proficient in making food, storing food, and serving food but lack management, financial, and social skills. All respondents indicated that they needed training in routine planning, marketing, customer care, problem-solving, and identifying opportunities. Many used financial indicators to show business success, such as being profitable and selling more products, but they also mentioned non-financial indicators, such as customer satisfaction and independence. Qualitative findings confirmed the need for training programs with structure, context-specificity, consistent goals, and an emphasis on increasing management and cognitive skills instead of repetitions of technical skills.The study highlights that closing entrepreneurship skills gaps with systematic evidence and competency-based training, can significantly improve the performance and sustainability of women-run enterprises in the informal economy in Tanzania. The study suggests a systematic approach to municipal entrepreneurship programs to include ongoing training needs assessments, thus establishing systematic connections between the education and training contents and market needs. This study contributes generally to the discourse on women's economic empowerment and sustainable urban entrepreneurship article